Nataraja Mudra

The Nataraja Mudra depicts Lord Shiva as the cosmic dancer, symbolizing the eternal cycle of creation, preservation, and destruction.

Nataraja, also known as the "Lord of Dance," is a depiction of the Hindu god Shiva as the cosmic dancer who performs his divine dance to destroy a weary universe and make preparations for the god Brahma to start the process of creation. The image of Nataraja is a powerful symbol of the dynamic, cyclical nature of the cosmos.

The Dance (Ananda Tandava)

Ananda Tandava means the "Dance of Bliss." This dance is performed by Shiva to signify the cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, as well as the daily rhythm of birth and death.

The Circle of Fire (Prabha Mandala)

Shiva is often depicted dancing within a circle of flames. This circle represents the cosmic fire that burns away illusion and ignorance.

Shiva's Dance Position (Nataraja Mudra)

Upper Right Hand: Holds a small drum (damaru), which symbolizes the sound of creation and the passage of time.

Upper Left Hand: Holds a flame, representing destruction and transformation.

Lower Right Hand: Is in the abhaya mudra (gesture of protection), signifying that followers will be protected.

Lower Left Hand: Points to his raised left foot, symbolizing liberation and refuge for the soul.

Raised Left Leg

The raised left leg signifies liberation and release from the cycle of birth and death.

Right Foot

The right foot is placed on the demon Apasmara, who represents ignorance and illusion (avidya).

Serpent and Ganga

The snake around Shiva's waist and the river Ganges flowing from his hair represent his control over both death and the sacred river.

The Expression

Shiva's expression is serene and composed, symbolizing his inner tranquility amidst the chaos of his dance.

Symbolic Interpretation

Creation: The damaru drum in Shiva's hand symbolizes the creation of the cosmos through sound, representing the element of ether.

Preservation: The abhaya mudra signifies protection and reassurance, representing the preservation of life and the universe.

Destruction: The flame in his hand represents destruction, which is a necessary part of the cosmic cycle.

Ignorance and Knowledge: By standing on Apasmara, Shiva shows his dominance over ignorance, while his serene expression conveys the wisdom and knowledge that come from spiritual enlightenment.

Liberation: The raised left foot and the gesture pointing to it symbolize the path to moksha (liberation) and enlightenment.

The Nataraja image is a comprehensive symbol of the various aspects of divine activity, embodying the balance between creation and destruction, order and chaos, and the cyclical nature of the universe.